Information:

Procalcitonin, a peptide precursor of calcitonin, a hormone synthesized by parafollicular C cells of thyroid gland, after exposure to bacterial toxins.

Procalcitonin

Serum procalcitonin level increases 2-4 hours after bacterial infection.

Procalcitonin can be detectable for up to 7 days.

Patients ICU & sepsis- high procalcitonin have high risk of severe sepsis, septic shock, poor prognosis & level decreases with successful treatment.

Persistent or recurrent serum procalcitonin elevation seen in secondary infection.

Reference value

Reference value for serum procalcitonin level in adults is < 0.1 ng/mL.

Interpretation of test:

> 0.25 ng/mL can indicate presence of infection.

More specific than CRP & white blood cell count.

Procalcitonin, a marker to start or stop antibiotic therapy and or duration of antibiotics in infection.

Procalcitonin is downregulated in viral infection.

Mild elevated serum procalcitonin 0.15-2 ng/mL in:

Localize mild to moderate bacterial infection, untreated end-stage renal failure, non-infectious systemic inflammatory response.

Procalcitonin >2 ng/mL in: Bacterial sepsis, severe localize bacterial infections (like severe pneumonia, peritonitis, meningitis), severe non-infectious inflammatory condition (like major burns, acute multiorgan failure, severe trauma, major cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery).

Medullary thyroid carcinoma level may exceed 10,000 ng/mL.

Neonates aged < 72 hrs- > 1 ng/mL at birth, >/=100 ng/mL at age 24 hrs, & >/=50 ng/mL or at age 48 hrs- suggests serious bacterial infection.

Children with UTI- procalcitonin > 0.5 ng/mL indicates renal involvement.

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