General

Hypercholesterolemia characterized by increased serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL‑C), and apolipoprotein B (apo B). And these are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. cholesterol is causal in development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) & lowering cholesterol is associated with lower CV events. CVD in secondary […]

HIRSUTISM Hirsutism- cosmetically unacceptable terminal hair growth in women, in a male pattern. (Or excessive terminal hair growth in women). Virilization- male physical characteristics development in women, like pronounced muscle development, deepening voice, clitoromegaly, male pattern baldness, & severe hirsutism. Causes: polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperthecosis, neoplastic disorders, steroidogenic enzyme defects, rarely medications, acromegaly, or

Zika virus Treatment- Symptoms, Complications, Investigations, Prevention Zika virus is a flavivirus. Transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Clinical Findings Incubation period- 3–14 days. 50–80% infections are asymptomatic. Zika virus Symptoms-  Acute onset fever. Fine maculopapular rash, usually pruritic, in face, trunk, extremities including  palms & soles. Rash may not always present but outlast the

Mucormycosis (Black Fungus Eschar) Causes, Symptoms, Invesigations, Treatment Causes Of Mucormycosis:- Most common-non-Aspergillus invasive mold infection. Mucormycosis- opportunistic infections, caused by Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichtheimia & Cunninghamella. Risk factors: hematologic malignancy (leukemia), diabetic ketoacidosis, chronic kidney disease, stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation, and treatment with corticosteroids (eg. used in COVID- 19 treatment), desferoxamine, or cytotoxic

“Hypercalciuria and kidney stones” and goal of serum calcium in Hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism patient have a reduced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and are thus prone to “hypercalciuria and kidney stones” if the serum calcium is normalized with calcium and vitamin D therapy. Therefore, the goal is to maintain the serum calcium in a slightly low