Diabetes mellitus Diagnosis
Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 & 2 criteria/ definition and normal ranges for planning treatment in 2020
A) Diabetes mellitus is said to be diagnosed when
fasting plasma glucose is >=126mg/dl (before food)
2 hour after (75gm) glucose load is >= 200 mg/dl (2 hour after food)
hba1c >=6.5 % (blood test done in any LAB) more reliable.
B) Impaired glucose tolerance is diagnosed when
fasting plasma glucose is 100 – 125mg/dl
2 hour after (75gm) glucose load is is 140-199mg/dl
hba1c is 5.7% to 6.4%
C) Criteria for normal glucose tolerance is
fasting plasma glucose <100mg/dl
2 hour after (75gm) glucose load <140 mg/dl
hba1c 5.7%
So finally if anytime HbA1c is >6.5 is very useful for Diabetes mellitus Diagnosis.
Diabetes mellitus common symptoms
DM symptoms for diagnosis are polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss.
Diabetes mellitus often associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Insulin and C-peptide
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus patient have low to no Insulin and C-peptide.
In Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Insulin present but does not work because of insulin resistance. So normal to more C-peptide and Insulin.
So finally Insulin and C-peptide are good test to distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
ADVICE:- keep morning before food sugar 90-126, 2 hour after food sugar 110-140 and HbA1c less than 6.5 to have less diabetes related problems/ complications.
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Dr. Rakesh Ukey MD